26 APPENDIX L. P ع ي = م اط wa fro ATTITUDE OF THE NORTHERN HEJAZ TRIBES TOWARDS THE HEJAZ REVOLT. In addition to the Emirates of Shammar and Nejd and the tribes of the Ilejaz, there are certain othertribes which must not be omitted from any history of the Arabian Peninsula. The most important of theseare the Amarat Anazah, the Rualla Anazah and the Druses. 1. The Amalat Anazah (or Dhania Wail) occupy the south-eastern part of the Anazah country, whichranges to the Euphrates, between Kerbela and Hit. Unlike the Rualla it maintains friendly relations withthe great Shammar Group to southward, but there is no sort of alliance between the two. Their rulinghouse is that of Hadhdhal, whose present head, Fahd, is long past his prime, and moreover shares hisauthority with Mohammed Ibn Turki, head of the Mijlad family, who rules the Dahamish section of the tribe. The revolt in the Hejaz in 1916 was too distant greatly to affect this branch of the Anazah, but FahdIbn Hadhdhal professed sympathy with King Hussein. At the end of 1916 it was reported that correspondence was going on between Ibn Hadhdhal and the Shaalan family. Nawwaf had urged Fahd to joinhim in helping the Sherif, but the latter had replied with characteristic caution that he was restrained fromtaking action, as the Turks might seize his lands, but it would be a different thing if the English offered himtheir equivalent in the occupied territories. There has always been friction, however, between IbuHadhdhal and Nuri Shaalan over their rival claims to be paramount chieftain over the whole Anazah.In May, 1917, Sherif Feisal had letters from Ibn Hadhdhal, who said he was only waiting for him tocome his way to join forces, and in the same month Baghdad reported that Ibn Hadhdbal had given definiteproof of his friendly sentiments towards the British, and later came into Baghdad and offered the wholehearted support of himself and his tribes against the Turks. About September, 1917, two of the greater constituents of the Northern Aua zah, the Fedaan and theSiba, rallied towards Ibn Hadhdhal, bnt owing to the distance from his country to the Hejaz, Ibu Hadhdha.has been unable to render active assistance to King Hussein, 2. The Rualla Anazah (or Dhana Muslim) are allied with the Muhallaf and Wuld Ali under the generalauthority of Nuri Shaalan, paramount chief of the Rualla. In 1915, Sherif Feisal was in communication with Nuri Shaalan, and at the beginning of the revoltthere were many rumours of Nuri Shaalan's descending on the Damascus Vilayet with 15,000 Rualla at hisback. As his markets, both east and west, were controlled by the Turks in 1916, it was impossible forNuri Shaalan to co-operate with the Sherit, but there was complete understanding between them. A meeting between Nuri, his son Nawwaf, and Fawaz Ibn Faiz, of the Beni Sakhr, took place at Jaut iDecember, 1916, at which it was decided to break off at once all relations with the Turkish Government. Duactive co-operation with the Sherifal forces was pronounced impossible until Feisal should have reachedEl U la. and thereby opened up a means for getting supplies through to the Rualla. scribed to KingAudah Abu Tayvi, of the Howeitat, about this time joined Nuri Shaalan, and subscribed to kngHussein's cause and in April, 1917, came with five members of the Shalaan family to see teisal at Wejuswhere arrangements were made for the future. Audah Abu Tayyi was the leader of the force which captured A kaba in July, 1917, and had some ofRualla tribe fighting under him, although unaccompanied by any of the Shaalan family. In June. 1917, Captain Lawrence met Nuri and his sou Nawwaf at Azrak. and was the bearer orequest from Nuri that half of the Rualla should be allowed to supply itself from the Mesopotamian markecontrolled by us. In September, 1917, Nuri was near Jebel Druse and a strong letter was dispatched by Sherif FeiseNawwaf asking him to define clearly his attitude towards the Sherifian movement. Nawwaf had at thiseither been or narrowly escaped being imprisoned by the Turks at Damascus, while his father was war!not to fall into a trap the Turks had laid for him under cover of an invitation to Damascus. In October, 1917, one of Nuri's nephews, Trad, visited Sherif Abdullah in the Hejaz, and in Nove1917, Nuri sent his brother Mohammed and also his nephews Khalid Ibn Sattam and Ferhan Ibnto Mecca on a mission to King Hussein. During the early part of 1918 the Shaalan family, although maintaining their friendly attitude tovthe Arab movement, occupied themselves with furthering the contraband traffic from Koweit to DamNawwaf at Jauf levying toll on the caravans which passed through his capital, and taking his sharepetroleum carried by these caravans, while his adherents acted as escort from Jauf northwards. In June (?) Nawwaf was, at Sherif Feisal's instance, dispatched to Ziza, where he placed himselsmall armed following at the disposal of the Turks, in order to deceive them regarding his inteIn July, however, as the result of a rupture, the cause of which is at present unknown, NawZiza and rejoined his father at Hazim near Azrak, whilst Nuri apparently definitely renounallegiance to the Turks by an offer of active co-operation with Feisal. He came into Feisal's headquaand from there dispatched a telegram to King Hussein at Mecca avowing his allegiance. This declaration is considered premature as it had been Feisal's policy to postpone an open espof their loyalty by the Rualla, in order to add surpri to add surprise to the value of their co-operation when theto employ them for the extension of the Arab movement to the Hauran, and, secondly, to transhimself to the Turks the heavy burden of their maintenance in the meantime. 3. The Druses.-In 1916, the attitude of the Druses towards the Sherif's revolt was one ofThe Iruses have always kept apart from their neighbours, and although their sympathies were prothe Sherif, the prompt action of Jemal I. in taking child hostages, making many arrests andreDeraa, was sufficient to intimidate the Druses from taking any action. About June, 1917, Jemalhave made an effort to win them over. Their chiefs were entertained for two months atbeing têted and made much of. In August, 1917, the Druses were reported to have never beelflourishing state. They had sold their crops at high prices for hard cash, and even when they 1 d cash, and even when they had good 0000requisitioned by the Turkish Government, had managed to retain 60 per cent. As long astreatment lasted the Druses were not going to revolt but would only rise when they felt they cowithout fear of retaliation. According to information from various sources the enemy continually feared a rising of theconjunction with the Arab morement, and in June, 1918, Colonel Lawrence received a letter,English, from one of the Atrash family, the fighting Druse Sheikhs of Salkhad in the Hauran,expressions of friendship and loyalty, while on ihe 31st August the enemy anticipated an atiaRualla and Druses in the neighbourhood of Deraa. ME ter pur ma Ferhan Ibn Fahd OVE tude towards Fei ig his share of the wa was e placed himself with a ding his intentions. wn, Nawwaf lefttely renounced his actiDiv headquarters pen expressionwhen the time came , to transfer from yeaplac and equi 8 One of apathy.vere probably withsts and reinforcing al 1. seems tonths at Damascus. er been in such alen they had beenong as the goodthey could do so trea resedam mus plac 8 of the Druses in ter, written inlan, containingattack by the Tema
