Oil production in Abu Dhabi p.156

FCO 8/1538 1970 Jan 01-1970 Dec 31
6. In so far as there may be any inclination to reject
the assimilation to "cession" of the change in status of
the area, it is appropriate to refer to the doctrine of
"continuity" as stated by Judge Jessup in the North Sea :
Continental Shelf case (I.C.J. Reports, p. 3, at pp. 79-80)

in relation to agreed determination of continental shelf

boundaries after a period of de facto exercise of rights

in the divided area by a concessionaire of one or the other

State:

"The Court must assume that the Parties have
acted in good faith. This means that Denmark and
the Netherlands, in concluding their delimitation
agreement on 31 March 1966, believed that their
action, which was based on the equidistance method,
was justified by existing international law. In
my view it would not be equitable to take the
position that since the Court has now held that
the equidistance method has not been made obligatory
by international law, any acts such as the granting
of licences or concessions in the areas of the shelf
claimed by Denmark or the Netherlands are to be
treated as null and void ab initio. Rather, I think
there should be applied the following conclusion of
the Arbitral Tribunal. which, in the Grisbadarna case,
on 23 October 1909, decided the delimitation of a
certain part of the maritime frontier between Norway
and Sweden:

'... in the law of nations, it is a well
established principle that it is necessary
to refrain as far as possible from modifying
the state of things existing in fact and for
a long time; ... that principle has a very
particular application when private interests
are in question, which, once disregarded, can
not be preserved in an effective manner even
by any sacrifices of the State, to which those
interested belong ...' (Wilson, The Hague
Arbitration Cases, 1915, pp. 111, 129).

"The Parties to the instant case have in effect
recently acted upon this same principle in respecting
habitual fishing practices: Fisheries Convention of
9 March 1964, Articles 3 and 4, 581 United Nations
Treaty Series, pages 58, 60. That Convention provides
for a transitional period in which such established
rights may be phased out, a provision which would not
be suitable in dealing with drilling operations already
undertaken. But it may also be noted that while in

the Grisbadarna case the Tribunal spoke of a state
- ... of things 'existing ... for a long time', the Fisheries